Infrastructure: who makes the parts
Actuators, batteries, and precision components are 30-50% of a humanoid robot's manufacturing cost. Here's who's actually building them.
Actuators: 30-50% of the bill of materials
Actuators combine motors, reducers, controllers, and sensors, and determine how precisely a robot can walk, grip, and balance. Tesla has said future units could carry more than 50 actuators each — pushing every major component maker to expand into the category.
Hyundai Mobis enters the supply chain via Atlas
Hyundai Mobis secured the contract to supply actuators for Boston Dynamics' Atlas humanoid, targeting mass production of 30,000 units in 2028 — leveraging its automotive-scale manufacturing experience.
Battery makers race to build robot-specific cells
Samsung SDI, Hyundai, and Kia are jointly developing high-performance batteries built specifically for robots, aiming at better energy density and output within tighter space constraints than EV batteries allow. LG Energy Solution has separately begun developing robot-dedicated batteries at the request of multiple Chinese and US humanoid makers.